A St John Ambulance trainer shows you how to give first aid to someone if you think they might be unresponsive or need your help. You’ll need to go through a primary survey every time you help someone. A primary survey is a series of first aid checks that will help you find out if someone has any life-threatening injuries or conditions.

If an adult is unresponsive and not breathing, you will need to do CPR. In this video, a St John Ambulance trainer takes you through CPR steps and demonstrates how to perform CPR on an adult.

If someone is choking, knowing how to help them could help save their life. In this video a St John Ambulance trainer shows you how to help an adult or child when they are choking. If someone is unable to breathe and cannot cough out the blockage, you will need to help them slap or squeeze it out. This St John Ambulance video will take you through the essential first aid steps.

A St John Ambulance trainer demonstrates how to treat shock (not to be confused with emotional shock). The trainer explains the causes of shock, the signs & symptoms to look out for and what to do if you suspect someone is suffering from shock.

A St John Ambulance trainer demonstrates what to look for if someone is having a stroke and what to do to help. 

When bleeding is severe, it can be dramatic and distressing. If someone’s bleeding isn’t controlled quickly, they may develop shock and become unresponsive. In this video, a St John Ambulance trainer explains what to do if someone is bleeding severely.

* information taken directly from the Legislation.Gov.UK website

Powers of police to stop and search

Powers to stop and search in anticipation of [F1 , or after] violence.

F2 [(1)If a police officer of or above the rank of inspector reasonably believes—

(a)that incidents involving serious violence may take place in any locality in his police area, and that it is expedient to give an authorisation under this section to prevent their occurrence,

[F3(aa)that—

(i)an incident involving serious violence has taken place in England and Wales in his police area;

(ii)a dangerous instrument or offensive weapon used in the incident is being carried in any locality in his police area by a person; and

(iii)it is expedient to give an authorisation under this section to find the instrument or weapon;] or

(b)that persons are carrying dangerous instruments or offensive weapons in any locality in his police area without good reason,

he may give an authorisation that the powers conferred by this section are to be exercisable at any place within that locality for a specified period not exceeding 24 hours.]

(2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(3)If it appears to [F4an officer of or above the rank of] superintendent that it is expedient to do so, having regard to offences which have, or are reasonably suspected to have, been committed in connection with any [F5activity] falling within the authorisation, he may direct that the authorisation shall continue in being for a further [F624] hours.

[F7(3A)If an inspector gives an authorisation under subsection (1) he must, as soon as it is practicable to do so, cause an officer of or above the rank of superintendent to be informed.]

(4)This section confers on any constable in uniform power—

(a)to stop any pedestrian and search him or anything carried by him for offensive weapons or dangerous instruments;

(b)to stop any vehicle and search the vehicle, its driver and any passenger for offensive weapons or dangerous instruments.

F8(4A). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(5)A constable may, in the exercise of [F9the powers conferred by subsection (4) above], stop any person or vehicle and make any search he thinks fit whether or not he has any grounds for suspecting that the person or vehicle is carrying weapons or articles of that kind.

(6)If in the course of a search under this section a constable discovers a dangerous instrument or an article which he has reasonable grounds for suspecting to be an offensive weapon, he may seize it.

(7)This section applies (with the necessary modifications) to ships, aircraft and hovercraft as it applies to vehicles.

F10(8)A person who fails

(a)to stop, or to stop a vehicle; F11. . .

F11(b). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

when required to do so by a constable in the exercise of his powers under this section shall be liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one month or to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale or both.

(9)[F12Subject to subsection (9ZA),] any authorisation under this section shall be in writing signed by the officer giving it and shall specify [F13the grounds on which it is given and] the locality in which and the period during which the powers conferred by this section are exercisable and a direction under subsection (3) above shall also be given in writing or, where that is not practicable, recorded in writing as soon as it is practicable to do so.

[F14(9ZA)An authorisation under subsection (1)(aa) need not be given in writing where it is not practicable to do so but any oral authorisation must state the matters which would otherwise have to be specified under subsection (9) and must be recorded in writing as soon as it is practicable to do so.]

[F15(9A)The preceding provisions of this section, so far as they relate to an authorisation by a member of the British Transport Police Force (including one who for the time being has the same powers and privileges as a member of a police force for a police area), shall have effect as if the references to a locality in his police area were references to a place [F16in England and Wales ] specified in section 31(1)(a) to (f) of the Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003 [F17and as if the reference in subsection (1)(aa)(i) above to his police area were a reference to any place falling within section 31(1)(a) to (f) of the Act of 2003].]

(10)Where a vehicle is stopped by a constable under this section, the driver shall be entitled to obtain a written statement that the vehicle was stopped under the powers conferred by this section if he applies for such a statement not later than the end of the period of twelve months from the day on which the vehicle was stopped F18. . ..

[F19(10A)A person who is searched by a constable under this section shall be entitled to obtain a written statement that he was searched under the powers conferred by this section if he applies for such a statement not later than the end of the period of twelve months from the day on which he was searched.]

(11)In this section—

• F20...

• “dangerous instruments” means instruments which have a blade or are sharply pointed;

• “offensive weapon” has the meaning given by section 1(9) of the M1Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 [F21or, in relation to Scotland, section 47(4) of the M2Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995][F22; but in subsections (1)(aa), (4), (5) and (6) above and subsection (11A) below includes, in the case of an incident of the kind mentioned in subsection (1)(aa)(i) above, any article used in the incident to cause or threaten injury to any person or otherwise to intimidate]; and

• F23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• “vehicle” includes a caravan as defined in section 29(1) of the M3Caravan Sites and Control of Development Act 1960.

[F24(11A)For the purposes of this section, a person carries a dangerous instrument or an offensive weapon if he has it in his possession.]

(12)The powers conferred by this section are in addition to and not in derogation of, any power otherwise conferred.

Annotations:

Amendments (Textual)

F1Words in s. 60 inserted (6.4.2008) by Serious Crime Act 2007 (c. 27), ss. 87(6), 94(1); S.I. 2008/755, art. 18

F2S. 60(1) substituted (1.3.1999) by 1997 c. 21, s. 8(2); S.I. 1999/5, art. 2

F3S. 60(1)(aa) inserted (E.W) (6.4.2008) by Serious Crime Act 2007 (c. 27), ss. 87(1), 94(1); S.I. 2008/755, art. 18

F4Words in s. 60(3) substituted (1.3.1999) by 1997 c. 21, s. 8(4)(a); S.I. 1999/5, art. 2

F5Word in s. 60(3) substituted (1.3.1999) by 1997 c. 21, s. 8(4)(b); S.I. 1999/5, art. 2

F6Word in s. 60(3) substituted (1.3.1999) by 1997 c. 21, s. 8(4)(c); S.I. 1999/5, art. 2

F7S. 60(3A) inserted (1.3.1999) by 1997 c. 21, s. 8(5); S.I. 1999/5, art. 2

F8S. 60(4A) repealed (14.12.2001) by 2001 c. 24, ss. 125, 127(2)(i), Sch. 8 Pt. VI

F9Words in s. 60(5) substituted (1.3.1999) by 1998 c. 37, s. 25(2) (with Sch. 9); S.I. 1998/3263, art. 4

F10S. 60(8)(a)(b) substituted (1.3.1999) for words in s. 60(8) by 1998 c. 37, s. 25(3); S.I. 1998/3263, art. 4

F11S. 60(8)(b) and word “or” immediately preceding repealed (14.12.2001) by 2001 c. 24, ss. 125, 127(2)(i), Sch. 8 Pt. VI

F12Words in s. 60(9) inserted (6.4.2008) by Serious Crime Act 2007 (c. 27), ss. 87(2), 94(1); S.I. 2008/755, art. 18

F13Words in s. 60(9) inserted (1.3.1999) by 1997 c. 21, s. 8(6); S.I. 1999/5, art. 2

F14S. 60(9ZA) inserted (E.W) (6.4.2008) by Serious Crime Act 2007 (c. 27), ss. 87(3), 94(1); S.I. 2008/755, art. 18

F15S. 60(9A) substituted (1.7.2004) by The British Transport Police (Transitional and Consequential Provisions) Order 2004 (S.I. 2004/1573), art. 12(3)(a)

F16Words in s. 60(9A) inserted (6.4.2008) by Serious Crime Act 2007 (c. 27), ss. 87(4)(a), 94(1); S.I. 2008/755, art. 18

F17Words in s. 60(9A) inserted (6.4.2008) by Serious Crime Act 2007 (c. 27), ss. 87(4)(b), 94(1); S.I. 2008/755, art. 18

F18Words in s. 60(10) repealed (1.3.1999) by 1997 c. 21, s. 8(7); S.I. 1999/5, art. 2

F19S. 60(10A) inserted (1.3.1999) by 1997 c. 21, s. 8(8); S.I. 1999/5, art. 2

F20S. 60: definition of "British Transport Police Force" ceases to have effect (1.7.2004) by virtue of Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003, (c. 20), ss. 73, 120, {Sch. 5 para. 4(1)(b)(2)(f)} (with s. 72); S.I. 2004/1572, art. 3(ddd)(jjj)

F21Words in s. 60(11) inserted (1.3.1999) by 1997 c. 21, s. 8(9); S.I. 1999/5, art. 2

F22Words in s. 60(11) inserted (6.4.2008) by Serious Crime Act 2007 (c. 27), ss. 87(5), 94(1); S.I. 2008/755, art. 18

F23S. 60(11): definition of "policed premises" repealed (1.7.2004) by The British Transport Police (Transitional and Consequential Provisions) Order 2004 (S.I. 2004/1573), art. 12(3)(b)

F24S. 60(11A) inserted (1.3.1999) by 1997 c. 21, s. 8(10); S.I. 1999/5, art. 2

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1S. 60 extended (S.) (1.3.1999) by 1997 c. 21, s. 8(11); S.I. 1999/5, art. 2

C2Ss. 60, 60AA amended (1.7.2004) by Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003, (c. 20), ss. 73, 120, {Sch. 5 para. 4(1)(a)(2)(f)} (with s. 72); S.I. 2004/1572, art. 3(ddd)(jjj)

Marginal Citations

M11984 c. 60.

M21995 c. 39.

M31960 c. 62.

[F2560AAPowers to require removal of disguises

(1)Where—

(a)an authorisation under section 60 is for the time being in force in relation to any locality for any period, or

(b)an authorisation under subsection (3) that the powers conferred by subsection (2) shall be exercisable at any place in a locality is in force for any period,

those powers shall be exercisable at any place in that locality at any time in that period.

(2)This subsection confers power on any constable in uniform—

(a)to require any person to remove any item which the constable reasonably believes that person is wearing wholly or mainly for the purpose of concealing his identity;

(b)to seize any item which the constable reasonably believes any person intends to wear wholly or mainly for that purpose.

(3)If a police officer of or above the rank of inspector reasonably believes—

(a)that activities may take place in any locality in his police area that are likely (if they take place) to involve the commission of offences, and

(b)that it is expedient, in order to prevent or control the activities, to give an authorisation under this subsection,

he may give an authorisation that the powers conferred by this section shall be exercisable at any place within that locality for a specified period not exceeding twenty-four hours.

(4)If it appears to an officer of or above the rank of superintendent that it is expedient to do so, having regard to offences which—

(a)have been committed in connection with the activities in respect of which the authorisation was given, or

(b)are reasonably suspected to have been so committed,

he may direct that the authorisation shall continue in force for a further twenty-four hours.

(5)If an inspector gives an authorisation under subsection (3) , he must, as soon as it is practicable to do so, cause an officer of or above the rank of superintendent to be informed.

[F26(6)Any authorisation under this section—

(a)shall be in writing and signed by the officer giving it; and

(b)shall specify—

(i)the grounds on which it is given;

(ii)the locality in which the powers conferred by this section are exercisable;

(iii)the period during which those powers are exercisable;

and a direction under subsection (4) shall also be given in writing or, where that is not practicable, recorded in writing as soon as it is practicable to do so.]

[F26(6)Subject to subsection (6A), an authorisation under subsection (3)—

(a)shall be in writing and signed by the officer giving it; and

(b)shall specify—

(i)the grounds on which it is given;

(ii)the locality in which the powers conferred by this section are exercisable; and

(iii)the period during which those powers are exercisable.

(6A)An authorisation under subsection (3) need not be given in writing where it is not practicable to do so but any oral authorisation—

(a)must state the matters which would otherwise have to be specified under subsection (6); and

(b)must be recorded in writing as soon as it is practicable to do so.

(6B)A direction under subsection (4) shall be given in writing or, where that is not practicable, recorded in writing as soon as it is practicable to do so.]

(7)A person who fails to remove an item worn by him when required to do so by a constable in the exercise of his power under this section shall be liable, on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one month or to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale or both.

(8)The preceding provisions of this section, so far as they relate to an authorisation by a member of the British Transport Police Force (including one who for the time being has the same powers and privileges as a member of a police force for a police area), shall have effect as if references to a locality or to a locality in his police area were references to any locality in or in the vicinity of any policed premises, or to the whole or any part of any such premises.

(9)In this section [F27“British Transport Police Force”] and “policed premises” each has the same meaning as in section 60.

(10)The powers conferred by this section are in addition to, and not in derogation of, any power otherwise conferred.

(11)This section does not extend to Scotland.]

Annotations:

Amendments (Textual)

F25S. 60AA inserted (14.12.2001) by 2001 c. 24, ss. 94(1), 127(2)(d)

F26Ss. 60AA(6)-(6B) substituted for s. 60AA(6) (31.1.2017 for specified purposes, 3.4.2017 in so far as not already in force) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), ss. 120, 183(1)(5)(e); S.I. 2017/399, reg. 2, Sch. para. 28

F27S. 60AA: definition of "British Transport Police Force" ceases to have effect (1.7.2004) by virtue of Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003, (c. 20), ss. 73, 120, {Sch. 5 para. 4(1)(b)(2)(f)} (with s. 72); S.I. 2004/1572, art. 3(ddd)(jjj)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C3Ss. 60, 60AA amended (1.7.2004) by Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003, (c. 20), ss. 73, 120, {Sch. 5 para. 4(1)(a)(2)(f)} (with s. 72); S.I. 2004/1572, art. 3(ddd)(jjj)

[F2860ARetention and disposal of things seized under section 60.

(1)Any things seized by a constable under section 60 [F29or 60AA] may be retained in accordance with regulations made by the Secretary of State under this section.

(2)The Secretary of State may make regulations regulating the retention and safe keeping, and the disposal and destruction in prescribed circumstances, of such things.

(3)Regulations under this section may make different provisions for different classes of things or for different circumstances.

(4)The power to make regulations under this section shall be exercisable by statutory instrument which shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.]

Annotations:

Amendments (Textual)

F28S. 60A inserted (1.3.1999) by 1998 c. 37, s. 26 (with Sch. 9); S.I. 1998/3263, art. 4

F29Words in s. 60A(1) inserted (14.12.2001) by 2001 c. 24, ss. 94(2), 127(2)(d)

F31[F3060BArrest without warrant for offences under section 60: Scotland.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .]

Annotations:

Amendments (Textual)

F30S. 60B inserted (1.3.1999) by 1998 c. 37, s. 27(2) (with Sch. 9); S.I. 1998/3263, art. 4

F31S. 60B repealed (S.) (25.1.2018) by Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2016 (asp 1), s. 117(2), sch. 2 para. 10; S.S.I. 2017/345, art. 3, sch.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have guidelines, widely adopted across the world as benchmark testing criteria for microbiological filtration.

Many countries have adopted these guidelines in the absence of any other international protocols and levels.

The purpose for the guidelines are established in their introduction:

"as a testing guide to manufacturers wishing to have their units considered as microbiological water purifiers, whether registered or not, and for the evaluation of such testing data; as a guide to consumers regarding what they can expect from microbiological water purifiers tested according to this standard and protocol; to assist in the research and development of microbiological treatment units for possible military applications.”

​

The EPA criteria and guidelines demand the following percentage reduction:

• 6 log10 (99.9999%) for bacteria
• 4 log10 (99.99%) for viruses
• 3 log10 (99.9%) micro organisms

The Water-to-Go testing reports from BCS, (a major US laboratory which performs testing in accordance with NSF, EPA and NELAC protocols) shows that both sizes of filters used in the 50 cls and 75 cls bottles deliver the following results, which meet or exceed the EPA requirements:

• 6 log10 (99.9999%) for bacteria
• 5-6 log10 (99.999-99.9999%) for viruses
• 4 log10 (99.99%) micro organisms

Water-to-Go incorporates nano technology into a refillable water bottle that filters the water and offers you safe drinking water on the go. Simply fill in the tap water or scoop water from a pond and sip filtered water through the mouthpiece.

HOW WATER-TO-GO WORKS?

Water-to-Go water bottles use advanced nano technology to filter out impurities from the water. The filters are manufactured from a non-woven media that effectively removes bacteria, viruses, protozoa, chemicals, oocysts, and other impurities. The technology behind Water-to-Go bottles has been designed specifically for the NASA space project.

Built using nano technology, the patented filter is a combination of nano alumina, carbon, and other filtration ingredients. When damp, the nano alumina layer emits a positive charge and removes all negative charged impurities such as protozoa, bacteria, and viruses, making the water fresh and safe to drink.

WHY CHOOSE WATER-TO-GO OVER CARBON FILTERS

Unlike carbon filters that only remove chlorine and some heavy metals, Water-to-Go water bottles remove 99.9 percent of the contaminants found in water. Traditional carbon filters have a very large pore size that cannot eliminate bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Also, the adhesives used to hold the carbon filters cover as much as 70 percent of the area, reducing the filtration capacity of traditional carbon filters.

Water-to-Go bottles utilize zero adhesives to provide a larger filter area. The pore size is minute enough to filter out even viruses and bacteria. These reusable water bottles not only improve the taste of water, but also make it almost impurity-free, safe, and healthy.

WATER-TO-GO – TRIED AND TESTED TO REMOVE 99.9% CONTAMINANTS

The portable water bottle for everyday use is a perfect example of filtration efficiency. Filtering water at a rate of 10ml per second, Water-to-Go water bottles remove almost every type of impurity commonly found in potable water.

Water-to-Go bottles are proven to remove the following contaminants found in water.

Metals & Chemicals

Removes 99.9 percent of chlorine, fluoride, chromium, mercury, nickel, copper, iron, lead, gold, silver, aluminium, and volatile organic compounds, including formaldehyde. *

*Note: Water-to-Go bottles cannot filter 99.9 percent of Arsenic found in water from certain sources.

​

Virus

Norwalk virus, hepatitis A virus, Tota virus, Adenoviruses, Enteroviruses, Reoviruses.

Bacteria

Removes bacteria that cause dysentery, botulism, virus botulism, typhoid, polio, vibrio disease, campylobacteriosis, leptospirosis (Weli’s disease), legionnaire’s disease, Pontiac fever.

Also removes E. coli and coliform.

Oocysts- Protazoa

Effectively removes Giardia lamblia that causes beaver fever.

Parasites and waterborne pathogens

Removes tapeworm, hookworm, threadworm, guinea worm, pinworm, roundworm, liver flukes, and organism causing sleeping sickness, Coenorosis and Schistosomiasis.

Note: Water-to-Go water bottles are tried and tested to remove all these water contaminants. However, it is recommended not to use additives such as isotonic powders, cordials, juices, etc., which can decrease its efficiency. Also, use of Water-to-Go bottles for filtering urine for drinking purposes is not recommended by the manufacturer.

The filter used in Water-to-Go water bottles needs to be in a damp condition to effectively remove impurities. Drinking before the filter is activated can result in unfiltered water passing through the filter member. Follow the given instructions to activate the filter and start using Water-to-Go water bottles.

1. Remove the lid and filter assembly.
2. Fill the bottle with water. Avoid using additives-containing fluids as it may lead to decreased filtration efficiency.
3. Replace the lid and screw shut. Do not over-tighten.
4. Invert the bottle and let the filter soak in for 20 minutes. If the filter has stood dry for a long period, reactivate it in the same way.
5. Water-to-Go water bottles deliver water at a rate of 10ml per second. Do not squeeze the water bottle as it can create pressure behind the lid and may allow the water to bypass the filter.
6. Clean the bottle lid regularly.
7. Replace the filter every three months or 200 litres.

WATER-TO-GO VS. CARBON FILTERS

The patented NASA developed technology used in Water-to-Go bottles is uniquely different to the activated carbon filter used in other water bottles.

Activated carbon filters will take out sediment and some other materials, whilst Water-to-Go increases your drinking safety by taking out more, including:

​

• Metals including lead and chromium
• Dangerous chemicals including "VOC"s (volatile organic compounds) and fluorides
• Disease carrying bacteria e.g. E. coli, Cholera and Typhus 
• Sickness inducing viruses such as Hepatitis A and Norwalk viruses 
• Potentially fatal parasite eggs (known as Oocysyts) like Giardia lamblia

 All of these areas have been researched and the Water-to-Go filters tested at labs all over the World.

In addition to the nano technology used in our filters, activated carbon is used. However, instead of glueing them into a block (like most carbon filters) and losing efficiency, we incorporate it into the membrane which improves the taste and odour of the water.

​

As well as protecting you from many more water borne threats, Water-to-Go filter technology lasts much longer. A Water-to-Go filter is effective for filtering 200l of drinking water - cheaper than other filters and much cheaper than buying bottled water!

​

​

Metals & Chemicals

• Chlorine, Fluoride
• Chromium, Mercury, Nickel, Copper, Iron
• Lead, Gold, Silver
• Aluminium
• Volatile Organic Compounds including Formaldehyde*

* In certain areas of the world natural Arsenic occurs, WTG filters cannot filter Arsenic to 99.9%.

Virus

• Norwalk
• Hepatitis A
• Tota Virus
• Adenoviruses
• Enteroviruses
• Reoviruses

Bacteria

• Coliform, E.Coli, Cholera, Typhus
• Dysentery, Botulism, Polio, Virus Botulism
• Vibrio Disease, Campylobacteriosis
• Leptospirosis – Weil's Disease
• Legionella (Legionnaires Disease and Pontiac Fever)

Oocysts- Protazoa

• Giardia lamblia

Parasites and waterborne pathogens

This list is abridged but includes some of the most recognizable and common problems.

• Fasciolopsiasis Taeniasis – Tapeworm
• Echinococcosis Ascariasis
• Coenorosis Schistosomiasis
• Cryptosporidium Tryonosoma (Sleeping Sickness)
• Threadworm Guinea Worm
• Hookworm Roundworm
• Pinworm Onchiocerca
• Fasciola Hepatica/Liver fluke

Water-to-Go filters are intended to remove contamination from water. Filters will become inefficient if used with additives such as isotonic powders, cordials, juices etc. 
The product is not recommended to filter urine for drinking purposes.